?quaternary

quaternary發(fā)音

英：[kw?'t?:n?r?]　　美：[kw?'t?ner?]

英：　　美：

quaternary中文意思翻譯

adj.第四紀(jì)的, 四的, 四進(jìn)制的

n.四,四進(jìn)制,第四紀(jì)

quaternary詞形變化

名詞復(fù)數(shù): quaternaries |

quaternary常見(jiàn)例句

1 、The movement is mainly uplift movement, with everage uplift amplitude being 1700m, rate 0. 031mm/a, the largest one being in Quaternary period.───以上升運(yùn)動(dòng)為主,平均升幅1700m,速度0.031mm/a,以第四紀(jì)為最大.

2 、Based on solid phosphoric acid catalyst (SPAC) T 49 composed of Si P B ternary system a new SPAC T 99 composed of Si P B D quaternary system was developed.───在硅-**-硼三元體系的T-49固體**酸催化劑基礎(chǔ)上,開(kāi)發(fā)了硅-**-硼-D四元體系的T-99固體**酸催化劑。

3 、Previous research has concluded that biogenic gas of the Sanhu region is generated from Quaternary humic source rock.───在以前的研究中柴達(dá)木盆地三湖地區(qū)生物氣一直被認(rèn)為是完全由第四系腐殖型有機(jī)質(zhì)所生成的。

4 、Recent and future hypotheses about global change will undoubtedly provide a new direction for Quaternary Research through the world.───當(dāng)前中國(guó)第四紀(jì)研究的許多關(guān)于全球變化問(wèn)題的科學(xué)假說(shuō)，將開(kāi)辟一個(gè)第四紀(jì)研究的新時(shí)代。

5 、Determining spatial relation between two spherical objects is approached in this paper by recursive refine based on QTM (Quaternary Triangular Mesh) hierarchical partition.───主要討論了在基于四元三角網(wǎng) ( quaternary Triangular Mesh,簡(jiǎn)稱 QTM)球面層次格網(wǎng)剖分的基礎(chǔ)上 ,通過(guò)單元遞歸細(xì)化來(lái)確定 2個(gè)球面實(shí)體的空間關(guān)系。

6 、York, J. E. (1976) Quaternary faulting in eastern Taiwan. Bull. Geol. Surv. Taiwan, No. 25, 63-72.───張徽正、林啟文、陳勉銘、盧詩(shī)丁，1999,臺(tái)灣活動(dòng)斷層概論，經(jīng)濟(jì)部中央地質(zhì)調(diào)查所特刊第十一號(hào)。

7 、The Chinese Quaternary Research Committee was established 50 years ago, and over the years its approach and goals have changed into a new epoch.───摘要中國(guó)第四紀(jì)研究委員會(huì)成立50年來(lái)，第四紀(jì)科學(xué)已進(jìn)于一個(gè)新的后第四紀(jì)研究時(shí)代了。

8 、Abstract Shennongjia located in central China is an important area to study Quaternary geology.───摘 要 神農(nóng)架是中國(guó)第四紀(jì)地質(zhì)環(huán)境演變的熱點(diǎn)地區(qū)之一。

9 、Practically all industriall important cationics are fatty nitrogen compounds and many are quaternary nitrogen compounds.───實(shí)際上工業(yè)中所有的重要陽(yáng)離子表活劑都是含氮化合物，其中許多是季銨鹽類化合物。

10 、Most of the gas fields in China have been formed and finalized in Neogene Quaternary,which distribute widely in various petroliferous basins.───中國(guó)大多數(shù)氣田最終形成、定型于新近紀(jì)-第四紀(jì),它們廣泛地分布于各類含氣(油)盆地。

11 、It is well known that the preparing process of the PSC adduct is based on the phase diagram of the quaternary system: Na2SO4+ NaCl + H2O2+ H2O.───在此基礎(chǔ)上，應(yīng)用Pitzer模型對(duì)Na_2SO_4-H_2O_2-NaCl-H_2O四元體系及其所包含的三元子體系Na_2SO_4-NaCl-H_2O、N助50;

12 、China's Datong group of volcanic Quaternary volcanic one of the group.───大同火山群是我國(guó)第四紀(jì)火山群之一。

13 、The Pliocene sediments are characterized by larger variations of Ce anomaly and more significant Eu depletion than the Quaternary sediments.───巖芯中上新統(tǒng)沉積物中Ce異常變化大,而Eu虧損相對(duì)第四系沉積物更顯著。

14 、Currently there are several sorts of antibacterial polymers such as polymers containing heavy metal cations, pyridinium and quaternary ammonium salt polymers, and N-halamine .───在眾多類型的抗菌高分子材料中,鹵胺型的抗菌高分子材料由于其獨(dú)有的可再生性能及廣譜的抗菌性,受到學(xué)術(shù)界的廣泛關(guān)注。

15 、EI/MS and ESI/MS were used for the analysis of quaternary ammonium salt cationic surfactants.───以電子轟擊質(zhì)譜法(EI/MS)與電噴霧質(zhì)譜法(ESI/MS)相結(jié)合,分析季銨鹽型表面活性劑。

16 、Abstract: The effects and mechanisms of sodium chloride on the flotation of diaspore and pyrophyllite with the cationic quaternary ammonium DTAL as a collector were studied.───摘 要: 采用季銨鹽DTAL作捕收劑，研究了氯化鈉對(duì)一水硬鋁石和葉蠟石浮選的影響及其作用機(jī)理。

17 、Study of the experimental data indicated that the quaternary system exhibited a well-situated property at morphotropic phase boundary(MPB).───實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)表明:組成在準(zhǔn)同型相界處壓電陶瓷的綜合性能達(dá)最佳。

18 、Those correspond to Quaternary, Pliocene, Upper Miocene, Lower Miocene and Eocene respectively.───分別為第四系、上新統(tǒng)、中新統(tǒng)上段、中新統(tǒng)下段及始新統(tǒng)。

19 、County geological formation exposed by geological era, there are 7 lines (JI), the Sinian, Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Cretaceous, Tertiary, Quaternary.───地質(zhì)縣境地層出露按地質(zhì)年代，有7個(gè)系（紀(jì)），即震旦系、寒武系、奧陶系、志留系、白堊系、第三系、第四系。

20 、HRS88-1, borehole is another Quaternary borehole drilled after Shun-5 bore hole in the north of the Beijing Plain.───HR88－1孔是北京平原區(qū)北部繼順5孔之后，又一重要的第四系鉆孔。

21 、O-or N-alkylation was carried out directly by simple heating the mixture of carboxylic acid or amine with quaternary ammonium salt.───將羧酸或胺類化合物與季銨鹽進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單的混合加熱，便可直接得到O-或N-烷基化產(chǎn)物。

22 、As a main method, seismic exploration can determine the depths of basement rocks and investigate the fault activity according to the extension of the fault in Quaternary layers.───作為一種主要手段，地震勘查能夠查明基巖埋深，根據(jù)基巖斷層向第四系地層內(nèi)部的延伸可研究斷層的活動(dòng)性。

23 、Design of quaternary Schmitt circuits.───四值施密特電路設(shè)計(jì)。

24 、In the groundwater balance approach, the transform amount is calculated by constructing a balance equation mainly of Quaternary phreatic groundwater.───在地下水均衡法計(jì)算中，主要通過(guò)建立第四系孔隙潛水均衡方程來(lái)求取轉(zhuǎn)化量。

25 、Some proteins consist of more than one polypeptide chain, and the association of these subunits in the protein gives rise to the quaternary structure.───一些蛋白質(zhì)不只是由一個(gè)多肽鏈組成的,并且這些蛋白質(zhì)亞基的結(jié)構(gòu)產(chǎn)生了四級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)的。

26 、In neutral solution a quaternary complex of aluminium can be formed in red colour with NaF, xylenol orange(XO) and cetylpyridine bromide.───在氟化鈉、二甲酚?~(XO)及溴化十六烷基吡啶(CPB)存在的近中性溶液中,鋁可形成紅色的組成比為Al:F:XO:CPB=1:2:1:1的Al-F-XO-CPB四元絡(luò)合物。

27 、NHPI combined with assistant catalyst such as azodiisobutyronitrile, quaternary ammonium bromide, anthraquinone, alcohol etc. can also catalyze aerobic oxidations.───NHPI與有機(jī)助催化劑如偶氮二異丁腈、溴化季銨鹽、蒽醌和醇等也能催化分子氧氧化反應(yīng)。

28 、In this paper we take Hangzhou as an example.Introduce the treatment of extracting buried active fault information covered by Quaternary unconsolidated sediments.───以杭州地區(qū)為例，系統(tǒng)介紹了提取第四紀(jì)松散沉積物覆蓋區(qū)域的隱伏活斷層信息流程和方法。

29 、Abstract: With the wide application of computers and the development of quaternary paleoenvironment studies, many numerical techniques are used in the spore-pollen analysis.───摘 要：運(yùn)用多種數(shù)學(xué)方法分析孢粉資料定量重建古環(huán)境已成為第四紀(jì)古環(huán)境研究的一個(gè)發(fā)展趨勢(shì)。

30 、The Danba Sopo deposits, a huge Quaternary accumulation of soils and rock blocks, are distributed in the banks of Dadu River near Houziyan hydropower dam.───摘要丹巴梭坡堆積體是一巨型第四紀(jì)堆積體，分布在大渡河的左右兩岸，其上有114座珍貴藏碉。

31 、By applying above methods, satisfying effects have been achieved during the exploration of shallow biogenic gas in late Quaternary strata of Hangzhou Bay area.───在杭州灣地區(qū)晚第四系淺層生物氣藏勘探中，這些方法在識(shí)別第四紀(jì)地層基底、劃分巖性巖相、預(yù)測(cè)儲(chǔ)層和天然氣層等方面取得了較好的應(yīng)用效果。

32 、A great many proteins, especially enzymes, are oligomeric and consequently possess quaternary structure.───很多蛋白質(zhì)尤其是酶類,是低聚物,因此擁有四級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)。

33 、From boundary to centre of the basin,the reservoir beds for exploring for gas are Oligocene,Miocene,Pliocene and Quaternary and the lithology changes from coarseness to fineness.───從盆地邊緣到中心，有勘探意義的儲(chǔ)層依次有漸新統(tǒng)、中新統(tǒng)、上新統(tǒng)和第四系，巖性由粗變細(xì)。

34 、Industries based on brainwork or knowledge are called the quaternary industry.And thus the concept of the cultural industry emerged and gradually matured.───基于腦力勞動(dòng)或知識(shí)發(fā)展的產(chǎn)業(yè)就稱為第四代產(chǎn)業(yè)，文化產(chǎn)業(yè)這一概念也因此出現(xiàn)并逐漸成熟。

35 、Abstract]Objective：To study the effects of quaternary ammonium salt derivative of haloperidol(F2)on experimental arrhythmia induced by barium chloride(BaCl2).───摘要]目的：研究氟哌啶醇季銨鹽衍生物(F2)抗實(shí)驗(yàn)性大鼠心律失常的作用。

36 、Using the relation of simple root cyclic codes and repeat root cyclic codes,the linear quantum codes that can be constructed from quaternary c.───利用單根循環(huán)碼與重根循環(huán)碼關(guān)系,確定出所有能由短碼長(zhǎng)的四元循環(huán)碼構(gòu)造的線性量子碼。

37 、Morphine binds strongly to opiate receptors in the brain to produce analgesia.In vitro studies on opiate receptors show that the quaternary salt of morphine also binds strongly.───嗎啡通過(guò)與大腦中的阿片受體緊密粘合產(chǎn)生止痛作用,在體外研究中，阿片受體與嗎啡的季鹽也有強(qiáng)力的粘合作用。

38 、Using AVO technique to detect Quaternary shallow biogas in Hangzhou Bay area.───利用AVO技術(shù)檢測(cè)杭州灣地區(qū)第四系淺層生物氣

39 、Paleotempestology has become an important component of Quaternary Palaeoclimatology.───古風(fēng)暴學(xué)研究的替代指標(biāo)包括：文字記載、特征的風(fēng)暴事件沉積、海相化石組合、同位素地球化學(xué)組成等。

40 、Sun Jianzhong and Zhao Jingbo. 1991. Quaternary of Loess Plateau in China. Beijing: Science Press. 128.───孫建中,趙景波.1991.黃土高原第四紀(jì).北京:科學(xué)出版社.128.

41 、The Upper Jurassic, Cretaceous and Quaternary sediments are mostly siliciclastic and have the character of platform cover.───上侏羅紀(jì)，白堊紀(jì)與四元沉積物幾乎都是硅質(zhì)碎屑物，并且具有地臺(tái)蓋層特性。

42 、In the overlap part of the right side of two main faults,the left-lateral strike-slip movement of them in Quaternary has formed the embryonic rhombochasm.───在兩條主要左行走滑斷裂的右側(cè)疊覆區(qū),兩條主斷裂第四紀(jì)的左行走滑運(yùn)動(dòng)產(chǎn)生一個(gè)胚胎期的菱形斷陷。

43 、Quaternary Phase Encoding and Decoding of Ultrashort Pulses at 40 Gb/s[J].───引用該論文 陳小剛,元秀華,黃德修.

44 、Shi Jiufeng in the 3,800 meters in altitude over the mountain peak, many ice moraine lakes, it is left to the Quaternary glaciers.───十九峰中海拔在3800米以上的峰頂有不少高山冰磧湖泊，這是第四紀(jì)冰川留下來(lái)的。

45 、IS THERE REALLY QUATERNARY GLACIATION ON LUSHAN?───廬山真的有第四紀(jì)冰川嗎?

46 、Optimum Al Composition Analysis on AlGaInP Quaternary Double Heterojunction Light-emitting Diodes[J].───引用該論文 陳貴楚,范廣涵,陳練輝,劉魯.

47 、The Tertiary Manganese depostisof Guangxi Province were wrongly recognized in the past as the products of the Gufeng Formation of Permian or Quaternary period.───廣西第三紀(jì)錳礦過(guò)去被誤劃為下二迭統(tǒng)孤峰組或第四紀(jì)錳礦。

48 、Late Quaternary Hydrographic Records from the South China Sea I .───南海晚第四紀(jì)古水文之探討I.

49 、Post-rifting mainly occurred in Miocene and Pliocene and Quaternary, and formed Guantao，Minghuazhan and Pingyuan Formations.───中南區(qū)斷陷走向呈近東西向、北東向和北西向，斷陷都是北斷南超的半地塹;

50 、The cover rocks are marine mudstone from Pliocene to Quaternary.───儲(chǔ)層發(fā)育有砂巖、灰?guī)r（礁灰?guī)r）、基巖等。

51 、ZHANG Jia-qiang,LI Cong-xian,CONG You-zi.Magnetic fabric characteristics of hydraulic deposit,eolian deposit and paleosol[J].Marine Geology &Quaternary Geology,1999,19 (2):85-94.───[9]張家強(qiáng),李從先,叢友滋.水成沉積與風(fēng)成沉積及古土壤的磁組構(gòu)特征[J].海洋地質(zhì)與第四紀(jì)地質(zhì),1999,19 (2):85-94.

52 、During Quaternary period, the gulch-gold mines are eventually formed with the action o...───在第四紀(jì),在冰川和徑流作用下最終形成了砂金礦床。

53 、The extractants used in gold recovery include modified amines, quaternary ammonium salts, alkyl phosphorus esters of oxides and guanidino-based compounds.───包括改性胺，季銨鹽，**氧化物及胍類萃取劑等。

54 、The foundation of gated-weir of the Wanbahe Power Station is located on Quaternary deposit which is soft.───摘要灣壩河水電站閘基坐落在第四紀(jì)砂礫石覆蓋層上，屬于軟基上建閘。

55 、Further,three secondary amino groups in GS(R)_3were alkyled by reacting with methyl iodide to give title compound,dentritic quaternary ammonium salt GI(G)_3 with 82.───3進(jìn)一步與碘甲烷反應(yīng),其分子中的3個(gè)仲氨基被季銨化,生成樹(shù)枝狀季銨鹽GI(R)3,產(chǎn)率為82。

56 、ACQ-DB is a water-based wood preservative that contains copper and Quaternary Ammonium Salts ( DDAC ) and boron-containing compounds.───DB是一種水溶性木材防腐劑，其主要活性成分包含銅、季銨鹽(DDAC)、硼化合物。

57 、In this paper experiments of image segmentation on Quaternary strata are made on RS image by morphologic methods.───摘要利用數(shù)學(xué)形態(tài)學(xué)的方法對(duì)遙感影像的第四系地層進(jìn)行了影像分割實(shí)驗(yàn)。

58 、The Salton Sea area is no stranger to volcanism as well during the Quaternary along with the Salton Sea geothermal field.───使用者通過(guò)某種方式（在善引導(dǎo)下的生活實(shí)踐）認(rèn)識(shí)到了桌子的理念。

59 、And Ordovician and Cambrian, Quaternary of the people who hailed from a fight.───和奧陶紀(jì)、寒武紀(jì)、第四紀(jì)的生靈們打個(gè)招呼。

60 、From the Cretaceous to the Early Cenozoic, it was uplifted again, until the Quaternary to build huge mountains with two large sedimentary basins on both sides.───從白堊紀(jì)到早新生代，它再度隆升，直至第四紀(jì)時(shí)形成雄偉的高大山系，兩側(cè)形成相應(yīng)的大型沈積盆地。

61 、The quaternary period of geologic time extends from the end of the tertiary period to the present.───地質(zhì)時(shí)期中的第四紀(jì)是從第三紀(jì)一直到現(xiàn)在。

62 、The upper structure layer is composed of the Cretaceous to the Quaternary, which shows a large slope dipping northwestward.───上構(gòu)造層由白堊系-第四系構(gòu)成，構(gòu)造形態(tài)為-北西傾斜坡。

63 、The groundwater in Qian an County includes the pore phreatic water,the pore confined water of the Quaternary period and up Tertiary cranny pore confined water.───乾安縣地下水主要有第四系孔隙潛水、第四系孔隙承壓水、上第三系裂隙孔隙承壓水。

64 、The Gejiu manganese nodule deposit in the Quaternary system placer is situated at the top of the cassiterite-polymetallic sulfide orefield.───個(gè)舊錳結(jié)核礦床產(chǎn)在錫石-多金屬硫化物礦田頂部的第四系砂錫礦之中。

65 、Three demonstrations of this method for the determination of mixed metal ions, such as binary ternary and quaternary, are given.───對(duì)二、三和四元混合樣品進(jìn)行了上百次測(cè)定,測(cè)定結(jié)果達(dá)到化學(xué)分析準(zhǔn)確度要求。

66 、In the overlap part of the right side of two main faults, the left-lateral strike-slip movement of them in Quaternary has formed the embryonic rhombochasm.───在兩條主要左行走滑斷裂的右側(cè)疊覆區(qū)，兩條主斷裂第四紀(jì)的左行走滑運(yùn)動(dòng)產(chǎn)生一個(gè)胚胎期的菱形斷陷。

67 、A new type of surfactant,consists of quaternary ammonium salt and polyethylene glycol side chain,with a high phasetransfer catalytic ability.───多甘醇單甲醚季銨鹽是一種同時(shí)含氧乙烯鏈及季銨鹽的新型表面活性劑，它具有良好的相轉(zhuǎn)移催化能力。

68 、Industries based on brainwork or knowledge are called the quaternary industry.───以腦力勞動(dòng)或知識(shí)為基礎(chǔ)的產(chǎn)業(yè)被稱為第四產(chǎn)業(yè)。

69 、The paper suggests doing more work on the active fault that controls the Caobo Quaternary depression.───建議對(duì)控制草泊第四紀(jì)凹陷的活動(dòng)斷裂開(kāi)展調(diào)查。

70 、NHPI combined with assistant catalyst such as : azodiisobutyronitrile, quaternary ammonium bromide, anthraquinone, alcohol et.al can also catalyze aerobic oxidations.───NHPI與有機(jī)助催化劑如：偶氮二異丁腈、溴化季銨鹽、蒽醌、醇等也能催化分子氧氧化反應(yīng)。

71 、The north is the alluvial plain of Huanghe, the Quaternary deposition is diluvian sand and soil .───中部為山前傾斜平原區(qū)，第四系厚度從南向北變厚，第四系為沖洪積形成的粘性土，下部基巖為奧陶系灰?guī)r和第三系巖漿巖；

72 、AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THREE QUATERNARY PHASES IN THE Fe-Sn-Sb-S SYSTEM:Pb-FREE FRANCKEITE,Pb-FREE CYLINDRITE AND (Fe,Sb)-OTTEMANNITE S.S.───Fe-Sn-Sb-S體系內(nèi)四元相無(wú)鉛輝銻錫鉛礦、無(wú)鉛圓柱錫礦及鐵銻斜方硫錫礦的實(shí)驗(yàn)研究

73 、The results showed that the antimicobial activity of single-substitute quaternary ammonium salts of chitosan were lessen than that of the binay-substitute derivatives.───實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,單取代殼聚糖季銨鹽抗菌活性弱于雙取代殼聚糖季銨。

74 、Reportedly, the site is mainly underlain by alluvial deposits of Quaternary Age comprising sand and clay.───據(jù)報(bào)道，站點(diǎn)由主要強(qiáng)調(diào)包括沙子和黏土的四個(gè)一組的年齡沖積層。

75 、Water channels include coal seam roof and floor mining induced fissures,faults,karstic subsided columns,Quaternary scuttles,fissure concentrated zones and badly sealed boreholes.───充水通道包括頂?shù)装宀蓜?dòng)裂隙、斷層、巖溶陷落柱、第四系天窗、裂隙密集帶及封閉不良鉆孔等,其中頂?shù)装宀蓜?dòng)裂隙、斷層、巖溶陷落柱為主要導(dǎo)水通道。

76 、Optical properties of doped quaternary ammonium salt KDP crystals[J].───引用該論文 許心光,孫洵,王正平,許貴寶,高樟壽,邵宗書(shū).

77 、It has unique evidence of glaciation during the Quaternary Period and is the birthplace of China's glaciological theory.───宋**學(xué)大師朱熹在此提出的教育思想成為中國(guó)古代教育的準(zhǔn)則，在世界教育史上也有重要影響。

78 、Among the Karst caves, the main part of Buddha Cave, Sky Cave and wind Cave were formed in 2.46Ma, that was Late Neogene of Early Quaternary.───佛爺洞、天洞及風(fēng)洞主體形成始于距今約2.46Ma前的第三紀(jì)末期（N2）或第四紀(jì)早期（Q1）。

79 、Dialkyl quaternary ammonium salts can be used as fabric softeners with high performance, their biodegradation can be improved by inducing unsaturated bond into their alkyl chain.───摘要雙烷基季銨鹽類產(chǎn)品是一種性能優(yōu)良的織物柔軟劑，如果在烷基鏈中引入不飽和鍵，就會(huì)提高其生物降解性。

80 、Main compositions: double strands quaternary amine salt, solubilizing agent, softener and natural antibacterial essential oil.───主成份:新型無(wú)毒抗菌劑雙鏈季胺鹽、增溶劑、柔軟劑、天然抗菌芳香精油。

生物進(jìn)化史

我是從現(xiàn)在往以后算的,最后面的就是最早的時(shí)期

新生代 (新生代:6500萬(wàn)年前至今)第四紀(jì) 全新世 Qh 0.01 人類出現(xiàn)

晚更新世 Qp

中更新世 Qp2

早更新世 Qp1 1.64

新近紀(jì) 上新世 N2 5.00

中新世 N1 23.3 近代哺乳類出現(xiàn)

古近紀(jì) 漸新世 E3 37.5

始新世 E2 50

古新世 E1 65 魚(yú)類出現(xiàn)

－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－

中生代（中生代：2.5億年至6500萬(wàn)年前）

白堊紀(jì) K 135 被子植物,浮游鈣藻出現(xiàn) （ 侏羅紀(jì) J 208 鳥(niǎo)類哺乳類出現(xiàn)

三疊紀(jì) T 250 蜥龍 魚(yú)龍出現(xiàn)

－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－

晚古生代（古生代：5.4億至2.5億年） 二疊紀(jì) P 290 獸行型類 裸子植物出現(xiàn)

石炭紀(jì) C 362 堅(jiān)孔類 種子蕨 科達(dá)類出現(xiàn)

泥盆紀(jì) D 410 總鰭魚(yú)類 節(jié)蕨 石松 真蕨植物出現(xiàn)

早古生代 志留紀(jì) S 439 裸蕨植物出現(xiàn)

奧陶紀(jì) O 510 無(wú)頜類出現(xiàn)

寒武紀(jì) -- 570 硬殼動(dòng)物出現(xiàn)

－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－

新元古代（新元古代：10億至5.4億年） 震旦紀(jì) Z 680 不具硬殼動(dòng)物出現(xiàn)

南華紀(jì) Nh 800

青白口紀(jì) Qb 1000 多細(xì)胞動(dòng)物 高級(jí)藻類出現(xiàn)

中元古代（中元古代：25億至10億年） 薊縣紀(jì) JX 1 400 真核動(dòng)物出現(xiàn) (綠藻)

長(zhǎng)城紀(jì) Ch 1800

古元古代 滹沱紀(jì) Hl 2300

五臺(tái)紀(jì) Wt 2500

－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－

新太古代 Ar3 2800 原核生物出現(xiàn) (菌類及藍(lán)藻) （28-25億年）

中太古代 Ar2 3200 （32億-28億年）

古太古代 Ar1 3600 生命現(xiàn)象開(kāi)始出現(xiàn) (36-32億年)

始太古代 Ar0 45oo (45億年到36億年)

生物進(jìn)化史

最早是寒武紀(jì)；原始人部落出現(xiàn)在新生代第四紀(jì)；恐龍出現(xiàn)始于中生代三疊紀(jì)。

地質(zhì)時(shí)代分類

冥古宙：開(kāi)始于4567.17±0.7百萬(wàn)年,結(jié)束于3800百萬(wàn)年,無(wú)生命狀態(tài)。

----------------------------------------------------------------------

太古宙：開(kāi)始于3800百萬(wàn)年，結(jié)束于2500百萬(wàn)年，原始生命出現(xiàn)及生物演化的初級(jí)階段，地質(zhì)形成。

古太古代

中太古代

新太古代

----------------------------------------------------------------------

元古宙：距今約25億年～距今約5.7億年，元古宙時(shí)藻類和細(xì)菌開(kāi)始繁盛，是由原核生物向真核生物演化、從單細(xì)胞原生動(dòng)物到多細(xì)胞后生動(dòng)物演化的重要階段。

古元古代

中元古代

新元古代

----------------------------------------------------------------------

顯生宙：從距今大約5.7億年前延續(xù)至今。寒武紀(jì)始，生物逐漸向較高級(jí)的發(fā)展階段進(jìn)化，動(dòng)物已具有外殼和清晰的骨骼結(jié)構(gòu)，故稱顯生宙。

古生代

中生代

新生代

----------------------------------------------------------------------

生命起源：古生代---中生代---新生代

古生代：

1.寒武紀(jì)(Cambrian 距今5.4～5.1億年)-海洋無(wú)脊椎動(dòng)物大發(fā)展

奧陶紀(jì)(Ordovician Period，Ordovician)-原始的脊椎動(dòng)物出現(xiàn),開(kāi)始于距今5億年，延續(xù)了6500萬(wàn)年。

2.志留紀(jì)(Silurianperiod)-筆石的時(shí)代、陸生植物和有頜類出現(xiàn),始于距今4.38億年，延續(xù)了2500萬(wàn)年。

3.泥盆紀(jì)（Devonian period)-魚(yú)類的時(shí)代,約開(kāi)始于4.1億年前,結(jié)束于3.5億年前，持續(xù)約5000萬(wàn)年。

4.石炭紀(jì)(Carboniferous period)-植物世界的繁盛,兩棲動(dòng)物的時(shí)代,開(kāi)始于距今約3.55億年至2.95億年，延續(xù)了6500萬(wàn)年。

5.二疊紀(jì)（Permian period）-脊椎動(dòng)物大發(fā)展時(shí)代距今約2.9億年，延至2.5億年，共經(jīng)歷了4500萬(wàn)年。

----------------------------------------------------------------------

中生代：

1.三疊紀(jì)（恐龍誕生）(Triassic period)是爬行動(dòng)物和裸子植物的崛起時(shí)代，始于距今2.5億年至2.03億年，延續(xù)了約4500萬(wàn)年。

2.侏羅紀(jì)（Jurassic Period） 距今約2.05億年～距今1.44億年，爬行動(dòng)物和裸子植物的時(shí)代。

3.白堊紀(jì)（Cretaceous Period）約1億4550萬(wàn)年前至6550萬(wàn)年前，恐龍滅絕。

----------------------------------------------------------------------

新生代：

1.古近紀(jì)（Paleogene）大約距今6500萬(wàn)年，結(jié)束于23.03±0.05M，延續(xù)了約4247萬(wàn)年，哺乳動(dòng)物演化時(shí)代。

2.新近紀(jì) 距今2300萬(wàn)年，一直延續(xù)了2140萬(wàn)年，哺乳動(dòng)物大發(fā)展時(shí)代。

3.第四紀(jì)（人類起源，原始部落形成）（Quaternary Period）距今約160萬(wàn)年，人類出世并迅速發(fā)展時(shí)代，人類的發(fā)展經(jīng)歷了以下主要階段：

1）早期猿人階段（2百萬(wàn)年-1百75萬(wàn)年前）：能人（Homo hails）在東非坦桑尼亞出現(xiàn)，這可能是早期的直立猿人（Homo erectus）；

2）晚期猿人階段（1百萬(wàn)年前）：直立猿人（homo erectus）從非洲**到中國(guó)、爪哇，最著名的代表是北京猿人和爪哇猿人；

3）早期智人階段（50萬(wàn)年前）：智人（Homo sapiens）在非洲出現(xiàn)并遷移到歐洲。

4）晚期智人（新人）階段（25萬(wàn)年-3萬(wàn)5千年前）：現(xiàn)代人(Homo sapiens sapiens)在非洲南部出現(xiàn)，約5萬(wàn)年前，現(xiàn)代人類分布到中東地區(qū)，到3萬(wàn)5千年前，現(xiàn)代人類分布到達(dá)歐洲-克羅麥昂人（Cro-Magnon）；

5）在更新世晚期，大約3萬(wàn)-2萬(wàn)年前，現(xiàn)代人類通過(guò)白令陸橋進(jìn)入北美洲并向南遷移。進(jìn)入全新世后，現(xiàn)代人的分布到除南極洲以外的各個(gè)大陸，并且成為唯一生存至今的人科動(dòng)物（hominids）。

6）2004年出版的國(guó)際地層表已取消了第四紀(jì)作為“紀(jì)”一級(jí)地質(zhì)年代的地位，但是在國(guó)際第四紀(jì)學(xué)界引起了軒然大波，后又予以恢復(fù)。