?tropics

tropics發(fā)音

英：['tr?p?ks]　　美：['tr?p?ks]

英：　　美：

tropics中文意思翻譯

名詞tropic的復(fù)數(shù)形式

n. 熱帶

tropics常見例句

1 、One species: temperate and montane tropics, mainly in the N hemisphere, but absent from W Asia and Europe.───一種：溫帶和山地?zé)釒?，主要在北半球?nèi)，但是不分布于亞洲西部和歐洲。

2 、Deforestation in the humid tropics is probably the best-known current example of rapid land-use change.───在濕潤的熱帶采伐森林，是當前迅速利用土地最顯著的例子。

3 、In China, the Tropic of Cancer cuts through Guangdong province.───在中國,北回歸線空過廣東省。

4 、Tropical rainforest is very demanding for a cameraman.─── 熱帶雨林對攝影師的要求非?？量?/p>

5 、His hometown is located in the north to the tropic of cancer.───他的家鄉(xiāng)在北回歸線的北面。

6 、Aerotropism A TROPISM in which the orientating stimulus is oxygen.───向氧性：一種刺激方向為氧氣的向性運動。

7 、Florida is in the sub-tropics, which means "almost tropics.───佛羅里達是亞熱帶地區(qū)，也就意味著地處熱帶。

8 、Thigmotropism (haptotropism) A tropism in which the stimulus is touch.───向觸性：生物體接觸到刺激時發(fā)生向性運動。

9 、Which three countries are all crossed by the Tropic of Cancer?───下列哪個選項中的三個國家，都有北回歸線通過？

10 、Most coral reefs are in the tropics because natural conditions there are perfect.───大部分的珊瑚礁生長在熱帶地區(qū)，因為那里的自然條件最理想。

11 、In the tropics, you'll see a lot of flowers and birds with vivid colors.───在熱帶地區(qū),你會看見許多色彩鮮艷的花和鳥。

12 、In the tropics, the gossan gold deposit ,a reformed type ,is one of the lateritic gold deposits.───在熱帶亞熱帶地域內(nèi)，鐵帽型金礦床應(yīng)囊括在紅士型金礦床之中，屬紅土型金礦床再生改造型。

13 、Angiosperm pollen flora of tropic and subtropic China.───中國熱帶亞熱帶被子植物花粉.

14 、It must work both at high altitudes where the temperature may be below freezing point and in the hot air of an airfield in the tropics.───它能在氣溫達冰點以下的高空工作，又能在熱帶地區(qū)機場的高溫條件下工作。

15 、Travellers to the tropics are generally warned against drinking water that has not been filtered or boiled.───去熱帶地區(qū)的旅客一般都被告知不要喝未過濾和未煮開的水。

16 、In the flora , the Pantropic and Tropical Asia and Old World Tropics distribution type are the main types .───可以看出熱帶性分布類型在區(qū)系中占著極為重要的地位，區(qū)系有明顯的熱帶性。

17 、You, me, a tropical island, and her.─── 你 我 熱帶小島 還有她

18 、Between 220 and 250 species: tropics and temperate regions worldwide, especially South America; two species in China.───在220和250種之間：全世界的熱帶和溫帶的地區(qū)，特別是南美洲；在中國的兩種。

19 、An engineer, Peary was sent on his first job to the warm tropics rather than the icy northland.───作為一個工程師，培利的第一份工作是到溫暖的熱帶地區(qū)，而不是到冰冷的北方工作。

20 、The balcony that iron baluster surrounds is all round but garden of tropics of look down at and swimming-pool.───四周是鐵欄桿包圍的陽臺可俯視熱帶花園和游泳池。

21 、He sweated away two pounds in the tropics .───他在熱帶地方因出汗過多而減輕了兩鎊體重。

22 、South African shrub having a swollen succulent stem and bearing showy pink and white flowers after the leaves fall; popular as an ornamental in tropics.───南非的灌木，有一個腫脹的多汁的根，在葉子落去的時候有艷麗的粉色和白色的花；在熱帶作為一種裝飾樹很流行。

23 、These nuts grow on trees in the tropics.───可樂果產(chǎn)自熱帶的可樂樹，

24 、Adenovirus is the main candidate for expressing and delivering therapy genes because of its intensive tissue tropism.───因其具有廣泛的組織親和性，腺病毒成為表達和傳遞治療基因的主要候選者。

25 、Only in the tropics were numerous late Cretaceous groups extinguished during peaks in their evolution.───只是熱帶地區(qū)才有大批晚白堊紀生物類群正值其演化的極盛時期突然消亡。

26 、Outside the tropics this is not the case.───到了熱帶以外的地區(qū)，就不是這樣了。

27 、They were acclimated to the tropics .───他們已經(jīng)適應(yīng)熱帶氣候。

28 、Wood of several species of trees of the genus Diospyros (family Ebenaceae), found widely in the tropics.───幾種廣布熱帶的柿科（Ebenaceae）柿屬（Diospyros）喬木的木材。

29 、I don't know what to expect on a tropical island.─── 我不知道在熱帶島嶼上有啥好玩的

30 、Between or within the tropics.───南北回歸線之間的熱帶地區(qū)之間或之內(nèi)的

31 、American stork resembling the true ibises in having a curved bill; inhabits wooded swamps of New World tropics.───外形似純種朱鷺的美洲鶴，嘴彎曲；棲息在新大陸熱帶森林茂密的濕地。

32 、People think they're tropical but it's highaltitude.─── 人們以為茶長在熱帶 其實它們生長在高海拔地帶

33 、The blaze of tropic suns was in his face, and in his swelling, resilient muscles was the primordial vigor of life.───他臉上有赤道的炎炎烈日，他柔韌暴突的肌肉中有原始的生命力。

34 、Distribution: Tropical Africa; commonly naturalized in tropics and subtropics.───原產(chǎn)地：熱帶非洲；廣泛歸化于熱帶及亞熱帶地區(qū)。

35 、Salinities are higher in the tropics due to high evaporation rates.───在熱帶地區(qū)，由于蒸發(fā)速率大，海水鹽度較高。

36 、East Indian tree widely cultivated in the tropics for its aromatic seed; source of two spices: nutmeg and mace.───東印度樹，由于其芬芳的芽在熱帶廣為種植；兩種香料的來源：肉豆蔻和肉豆蔻皮。

37 、The Tropic of Cancer crosses which three countries on the Arabian Peninsula?───北回歸線穿過阿拉伯半島的哪三個國家？

38 、He keeps the central heating full on. It's like living in the tropics.───他把暖氣開到最大。就好像住在熱帶一樣。

39 、They said that it's, like, all tropical plants.─── 他們說那里有各種熱帶植物

40 、In the tropics, you could plant liliquoi (passionflower).───如果在熱帶，你可以種植西潘蓮。

41 、On this beautiful tropic island he is meeting new friends.───在這個美麗的熱帶島嶼，他是會議的新朋友。

42 、Latitude 25N, has the obvious characteristic of tropic area.───北緯25度臨近于北回歸線，具有明顯的回歸帶特征。

43 、Howard, the security guard, envisions a luxurious retirement in the tropics.───保安，夢想著奢華的在熱帶地區(qū)的退休生活。

44 、Sometimes two crops a year are taken in the humid tropics.───在濕潤的熱帶地區(qū)有時一年種兩季作物。

45 、In the tropics numerous glaciers have disappeared altogether.───在熱帶地區(qū)，許多冰川已經(jīng)完全消失了。

46 、The word "Tropics" means the area between about 23°N and 23°S; it connotes heat.───“tropics”一字本義指約自北緯23度至南緯23度之間的地區(qū)；它暗指暑熱。

47 、Perhaps for a hot day in the tropics, this was the most sensible attire;one or two non-Chinese women on board dressed exactly like that.───在熱帶熱天，也話這是最合理的妝束，船上有一兩個外國女人就這樣打扮。

48 、Ozone losses above the temperate areas of Earth between the tropics and the poles were taking place during summertime.───地球兩極與赤道之間溫帶區(qū)域上空的臭氧損失正在夏季里發(fā)生。

49 、That's it, and imagine that we're surfing on some tropical ocean.─── 就是這樣 想象我們正在 熱帶海洋上沖浪

50 、In China,the Tropic of Cancer cuts through Guangdong province.───在中國，北回歸線空過廣東省。

51 、Rainfall in the tropics is notoriously variable.───眾所周知，熱帶地區(qū)的降雨變化多端。

52 、About 30 species: New World tropics and subtropics, one species pantropical including China.───大約30種：新大陸熱帶和亞熱帶，一種包括中國。

53 、In the tropics, they don't need winter clothing.───在熱帶人們不需要冬季服裝。

54 、The Tropic of Cancer is the most northerly latitude in the Northern Hemisphere.───在北半球，北回歸線的緯度最高。

55 、It abuts the Tropic of Cancer, constituted the Polynesia archipelago north vanguard.───它緊靠北回歸線，構(gòu)成了波利尼西亞群島的北方前鋒。

56 、About 50 species: mostly in the Old World tropics and subtropics, a few in the New World tropics; two species in China.───大約50種：多數(shù)在歐亞大陸熱帶和亞熱帶，一些在新大陸熱帶；中國有2種。

57 、Tropic of carpricorn and cancer is the furthest latitude of sunlight.───南北回歸線是日照直射點的最遠緯度。

58 、Most of the tropics, sub-tropics and even lower mid-latitudes are too hot to be inhabitable.───大多數(shù)的熱帶、亞熱帶地區(qū)甚至是更低的中緯度地區(qū)將由于太熱而變得無法居住。

59 、Of the Tropic of Cancer Sign in Shantou.───北回歸線標志塔下。

60 、In the tropics many species appear to be living at or near their thermal optimum, a temperature that lets them thrive.───在熱帶地區(qū)，許多物種似乎是生活在或者接近于它們的熱優(yōu)化狀態(tài)，一個讓它們蓬勃發(fā)展的溫度。

61 、Sex tropism is not good or bad but amount distinction.───人類的性取向沒有好壞,只有多少比例差別。

62 、Penguins, the only penguins found in the tropics.─── 企鵝 唯一定居熱帶的企鵝

63 、Tropic of Cancer running through the south.───北回歸線橫貫?zāi)喜俊?/p>

64 、Many countries, especially in the tropics, still permit the use of DDT.───在熱帶地區(qū)的許多國家，仍然允許使用DDT。

65 、Historically, shifting cultivation was not limited to the tropics.───歷史上燒墾農(nóng)業(yè)并不限于熱帶。

66 、It is caught in the tropic forest of Xishuang Banna.───它是從西雙版納熱帶森林捕來的。

67 、They are from Suriname, in the Amazon Basin tropic tropical forest.───他們來自在亞馬遜熱帶雨林的蘇里南。

68 、She sorted out her things for tropic travel.───她整理熱帶旅行的東西。

69 、About 10 species: tropics of Africa, Asia, Australia, and Oceania; one species in China.───大約10種：非洲，亞洲，澳大利亞和大洋洲的熱帶；中國有1種。

70 、Centipedes rarely live beyond 50 years of age in present time and in the tropics.───在當前的熱帶中蜈蚣很少活過50歲。

71 、About 30 species:throughout the tropics and subtropics; three species in China.───大約30種：在整個期間熱帶和亞熱帶；中國有3種。

72 、About 350 species: tropics and subtropics throughout the world; 32 species (11 endemic, one introduced) in China.───大約350種：整個世界的熱帶和亞熱帶；中國有32種(11特有種，1種為引進栽培)。

73 、Didn't you see the Tropic of Cancer here?───你沒看見北回歸線啊?

74 、Chemotropism (chemotropic movement) A TROPISM in which the stimulus is chemical.───向藥性：刺激物是化學(xué)物質(zhì)的一種向性。

75 、You get beautiful sunsets in the tropics.───在熱帶地區(qū)可以看到美麗的落日余暉。

76 、He is making a study of that tropic plant.───他正在對那種熱帶植物進行研究。

77 、Ground will be invisible to the Tropic of Cancer painting visible.───地面上將無形的北回歸線畫為有形。

78 、But as many European countries push for more green energy, they are increasingly importing plant oils from the tropics.───但隨著許多歐洲國家推動多用綠色能源，從熱帶進口植物油愈來愈多。

79 、Rachel: oh oh! What is up with misaligned tropic?───噢，哦！偏移的熱帶發(fā)生了什么？

80 、You will need a mosquito o net to keep off the tropics insect.───你需要一個蚊帳以防熱帶昆蟲叮咬。

81 、No, listen, mom, we're on a tropical island.─── 媽 我們現(xiàn)在在熱帶島嶼上

82 、Ten years ago, I went to the tropics for the first time.───十年前我第一次到熱帶去。

83 、They are not acclimatised to the tropics.───他們還不適應(yīng)熱帶氣候。

84 、One species: widely distributed in Old World tropics; one species in China.───一種：在歐亞大陸熱帶的廣泛分布；在中國的一種。

85 、Raj is from India, a tropical country.─── 拉杰來自印度 一個熱帶國家

86 、Nan'ao Island is located in subtropical, traversing the Tropic of Cancer.───南澳島地處亞熱帶，北回歸線橫貫。

87 、In the tropics, them don't command winter clothing.───在熱帶大部分人不需求冬季服裝。

88 、It's the single most important tropical commodity traded worldwide, accounting for nearly half of total exports of tropical products.─── 咖啡是全球交易中 最重要的一種熱帶商品 它幾乎占所有熱帶商品總出口額的一半

89 、Because dengue was long confined to the tropics, it remains a little-understood disease.───因為登革熱病很長時期僅限于熱帶地區(qū)，所以它仍然是一種不被了解的病毒。

90 、Chocolate is not widely consumed in the tropics, even though that's where most of the world's cocoa is produced.───即使大多數(shù)可可出產(chǎn)在熱帶,但那個地區(qū)的巧克力消費不高。

Reading TPO1

saturate：vt. 滲透

meteoric：adj. 流星的，大氣的

soak into：浸泡，浸透

precipitation：n. （化學(xué)）沉淀

emerge：vi. 浮現(xiàn)

incredible：adj. 難以置信的

unconsolidated：adj. 疏松的       consolidate：v. 鞏固

gravel：n. 碎石

coarse：adj. 粗俗的

sediment：n. 沉淀物

sheet：n. 薄片     ice sheets：冰層

pebble：n. 卵石

lade：vt. 裝載，裝（船）；vi. （用勺子）舀出，裝貨       be laden with：負載著

glacial：adj. 冰的

outwash：n. 冰水沉積

deposit：vt. 放置

fanwise：adv. 呈扇葉展開地；adj. 呈扇葉展開的

slope：n. 斜坡

overlie：vt. 覆在……上面

pore：n. 孔

porous：adj. 多孔滲水的

porosity：n. 多孔性

permeability：n. 浸透性

grain：n. 顆粒，谷物

plug：v. 塞，**     be plugged with

cement：vt. 鞏固     cementing：黏固的

percolate：vi. 過濾 

crystalline：adj. 透明的

basalt：n. 玄武巖

solidified：adj. 固化的，凝固的

volcanic：adj. 火山的

lava：n. 熔巖

cavity：n. 腔

crevice：n. 裂縫

cling：v. 黏緊    cling to：依附

1.Ordinary  meteoric  water is water that has  soaked  into the ground from the surface, from  precipitation  (rain and snow) and from lakes and streams.

2.The commonest spaces are those among the particles—sand grains and tiny pebbles—of loose,  unconsolidated  sand and  gravel .

3.They are found wherever fast rivers carrying loads of  coarse   sediment  once flowed.

4.For example, as the great ice  sheets  that covered North America during the last ice age steadily melted away, huge volumes of water flowed from them.

5.The same thing happens to this day, though on a smaller scale, wherever a sediment- laden  river or stream emerges from a mountain valley onto relatively flat land, dropping its load as the current slows: the water usually spreads out  fanwise , depositing the  sediment  in the form of a smooth, fan-shaped  slope . 

6.Sediments are also dropped where a river slows on entering a lake or the sea, the  deposited  sediments are on a lake floor or the seafloor at first, but will be located inland at some future date, when the sea level falls or the land rises; such beds are sometimes thousands of meters thick.

7.In  lowland  country almost any spot on the ground may  overlie  what was once the bed of a river that has since become buried by soil; if they are now below the water’s  upper  surface (the water table), the gravels and sands of the former riverbed, and its sandbars, will be saturated with groundwater.

8.This is because the gaps among the original  grains  are often not totally  plugged  with  cementing  chemicals; also, parts of the original  grains  may become dissolved by  percolating  groundwater, either while consolidation is taking place or at any time afterwards. 

9.But note that  porosity  is not the same as  permeability , which measures the ease with which water can flow through a material; this depends on the sizes of the individual  cavities  and the  crevices  linking them.

10.It is held there by the force of surface tension without which water would drain instantly from any wet surface, leaving it totally dry. The total volume of water in the saturated sample must therefore be thought of as consisting of water that can, and water that cannot, drain away. 

4.According to paragraph 2, where is groundwater usually found?

A. Inside pieces of sand and gravel

B. On top of beds of rock

C. In fast rivers that are flowing beneath the soil

D. In spaces between pieces of sediment

參考原文

The necessary space is there, however, in many forms.  The commonest spaces are those among the particles—sand grains and tiny  pebbles —of loose,  unconsolidated  sand and  gravel .  Beds of this material, out of sight beneath the soil, are common. They are found wherever fast rivers carrying loads of  coarse   sediment  once flowed. For example, as the great ice  sheets  that covered North America during the last ice age steadily melted away, huge volumes of water flowed from them. The water was always  laden  with  pebbles ,  gravel , and sand, known as  glacial   outwash , that was  deposited  as the flow slowed down.

總結(jié)

答案應(yīng)該是在這些砂礫碎石的碎片 之間 ：

A選項，在一片片砂礫碎石的里面；

D選項，在沉淀物中間的空隙里，正確

在高度概括的時候會更換相同意思的詞，所以需要詞匯量的提高

13.Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage. Where would the sentence best fit?

What, then, determines what proportion of the water stays and what proportion drains away?.

參考原文

Much of the water in a sample of water-saturated  sediment or rock will drain from it if the sample is put in a suitable dry place. [■]But some will remain,  clinging  to all solid surfaces. [■] It is held there by the force of surface tension without which water would drain instantly from any wet surface, leaving it totally dry. [■]The total volume of water in the saturated sample must therefore be thought of as consisting of water that can, and water that cannot, drainaway. [■]

解析

"待**入句說多少流走多少剩下是什么決定的，所以之前必須得說一部分流走了一部分剩下了，原文最后一句才說到這個，所以D是答案。貌似B選項之前也說了流走和剩下，但B之后有個it is held there，這個it指的是前文的留下來的水，所以與上文過渡緊密，不能**入句子。"

14.Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points. Much of the ground is actually saturated with water.

A.Sediments that hold water were spread by glaciers and are still spread by rivers and streams.

B.Water is stored underground in beds of loose sand and gravel or in cemented sediment.

C.The size of a saturated rock’s pores determines how much water it will retain when the rock is put in a dry place.

D.Groundwater often remains underground for a long time before it emerges again.

E.Like sandstone, basalt is a crystalline rock that is very porous.

F.Beds of unconsolidated sediments are typically located at inland sites that were once underwater.

speculation：n. 思索

primarily：adv. 主要地，首要地

anthropologist：n. 人類學(xué)家

envision：vt. 設(shè)想，想象    envision ... as：將……看做

ritual：adj. 儀式上的

rite：n. 儀式

perceive：vt. 察覺 → 將……理解為

well-being：n. 幸福

attribute：v. 歸屬，歸于；n. 屬性    attribute ... to：將……歸屬給

desirable：adj. 令人滿意的        undesirable：adj. 不令人滿意的，不受歡迎的

occurrence：n. 發(fā)生

refine：vt. 精煉

formalize：vt. 使形式化，使正式

representative：n. 代表

mythical：adj. 神話的

sophisticated：adj. 復(fù)雜的，老于世故的

causal：adj. 有因果關(guān)系的，有原因的

conception：n. **，受孕；構(gòu)思，構(gòu)想；概念，觀念；想法

condition：n. 條件

prosperity：n. 繁榮

feat：n. 功績

elaborate：v. 詳盡闡述

narrator：n. 講述者

pantomime：n. 手勢，啞劇

pantomimic：adj. 啞劇的

rhythmical：adj. 節(jié)奏的

gymnastic：adj. 體操的

impersonation：n. 扮演

evolve：v. 進化     evolve out of：從……進化而來

virtuocity：n. 美術(shù)興趣，審美能力，鑒賞能力

antecedent：n. 經(jīng)歷，祖先；adj. 在先的

theorize：v. 使理論化

cease：v. 停止，停息

Aristotle：亞里士多德

encounter：v. 遭遇

objectify：vt. 使具體化，使客觀化，體現(xiàn)

whereby：adv. 憑借

penchant：n. 嗜好，傾向

autonomous：adj. 自治的，獨立自主的

detachment：n. 分離

deviation：n. 偏離，背離

norm：n. 標準

retain：vt. 保留，保持

1.In seeking to describe the origins of theater, one must rely  primarily  on  speculation , since there is little concrete evidence on which to draw.

2.During the early stages of its development, a society becomes aware of forces that appear to influence or control its food supply and  well-being .

3.Having little understanding of natural causes, it  attributes  both  desirable  and  undesirable   occurrences  to supernatural or magical forces, and it searches for means to win the favor of these forces.

4.Perceiving an apparent connection between certain actions performed by the group and the result it desires, the group repeats,  refines  and  formalizes  those actions into fixed ceremonies, or rituals.

5.Frequently the myths include  representatives  of those supernatural forces that the  rites  celebrate or hope to influence. 

6.Thus, the recalling of an event (a hunt, battle, or other  feat ) is  elaborated  through the narrator’s  pantomime  and  impersonation  and eventuallythrough each role being  assumed  by a different person.

7.One necessary  condition seems to be a somewhat detached view of human problems. For example, one sign of this  condition  is the appearance of the comic vision, since comedy requires sufficient  detachment to view some  deviations  from social  norms  as ridiculous rather than as serious threats to the welfare of the entire group. 

8.Another  condition  that contributes to the development of  autonomous  theater is the emergence of the aestheticsense. For example, some early societies  ceased  to consider certain rites essential to their  well-being  and abandoned them, nevertheless, they  retained  as parts of their oral tradition the myths that had grown up around the rites and admired them for their artistic qualities rather than for their religious usefulness.

3.According to paragraph 1, theories of the origins of theater

A. are mainly hypothetical

B. are well supported by factual evidence

C. have rarely been agreed upon by anthropologists

D. were expressed in the early stages of theater’s development

解析

以origins of theater為關(guān)鍵詞**至本段第一句，one must rely primarily on speculation，主要靠推測，也就是A，主要是推論的。不認識hypothetical的話之后有解釋說沒有事實證據(jù)，所以也能說明是推論的. B 與原文反了。 C 與原文有出入。原文說：The most widely accepted theory, championed by anthropologists 說至少有一個理論得到人類學(xué)家廣泛認同。 D 原文沒有提到。

4.According to paragraph 1, why did some societies develop and repeat ceremonial actions?

A. To establish a positive connection between the members of the society

B. To help society members better understand the forces controlling their food supply

C. To distinguish their beliefs from those of other societies

D. To increase the society’s prosperity

解析

"ceremonial action做關(guān)鍵詞**至全段最后一句：說人們是感覺到了他們的儀式性的活動和他們所期望的那種結(jié)果之間的聯(lián)系之后他們才做這些事情的。前一句說：他們把無論好壞的結(jié)果都歸因于超自然的力量，他們做這些事情是為了贏得超自然力量的眷顧，所以D為了整個社會的繁榮是正確答案。

7.According to paragraph 2, what may cause societies to abandon certain rites?

A. Emphasizing theater as entertainment

B. Developing a new understanding of why events occur

C. Finding a more sophisticated way of representing mythical characters

D. Moving from a primarily oral tradition to a more written tradition

解析

以abandon rites做關(guān)鍵詞**至全段倒數(shù)第三句，有個as a result，說明之前的句子是導(dǎo)致人們放棄這種儀式的原因，也正是問題的答案。隨著人們越來越智慧，他們對超自然的能力的認識，還有超自然能力和他們所期待的結(jié)果之間的因果關(guān)系會變化，也就是很多人不再認為是超自然的能力在左右他們，所以B有了新的認識是正確答案。 A entertainment概念在本段最后才提到。 C sophisticated 概念在前句提到，原文As a person becomes more sophisticated，是說人變得復(fù)雜了，而不是復(fù)雜的代表神秘角色的方式。 D 原文完全沒有提到。

總結(jié)

不要看到有原文單詞就選，更可能是陷阱；托福的答案更多的是換一種說法

tundra：n. 苔原

shrub：n. 灌木

herb：n. 香草

timberline：n. 樹帶界線      upper/lower timberline 上/下行樹帶界線

steppe：n. 西伯利亞一帶沒有樹木的大草原

tropics：n. 熱帶地區(qū)

deciduous：adj. 每年落葉的

broadleaf：n. 闊葉樹

birch：n. 樺木

twisted：adj. 扭曲的，變態(tài)的

deformed：adj. 畸形的    deform：v. 變形

latitude：n. 緯度

ridge：n. 山脊

whereas：conj. 然而

duration：n. 持續(xù)時間

prone：adj. 有……傾向

frost：n. 嚴寒

cessation：n. 停止，中止，中斷

smother：vt. 使窒息

avalanche：n. 雪崩

creep：n. 爬行     snow creep：雪移

seedling：n. 秧苗

elevation：n. 提拔

graze：vt. 放牧，擦傷

ibex：n. 野生山羊，阿爾卑斯山上的野山羊

alpine：adj. 高山的    alpine tundra：高山苔原

adjacent：adj. 鄰近的

fairly：adv. 相當?shù)?/p>

low-lying：adj. 低洼的

moss：n. 苔蘚

lichen：n. 青苔

prostrate：adj. 平臥的；沮喪的，一蹶不振的

snowdrift：n. （被風(fēng)吹成的）雪堆

rigor：n. 嚴密，嚴格

insulation：n. 絕緣，保溫

equatorial：adj. 赤道上的

prevalent：adj. 流行的

1.In many semiarid areas there is also a lower  timberline where the forest passes into  steppe  or desert at its lower edge, usually because of a lack of moisture.

2. Timberline  trees are normally evergreens, suggesting that these have some advantage over  deciduous  trees (those that lose their leaves) in the extreme environments of the  upper   timberline . 

3.This is particularly true for trees in the middle and  upper   latitudes , which tend to attain greater heights on  ridges ,  whereas  in the  tropics  the trees reach their greater heights in the valleys. 

4.Late-lying snow reduces the effective growing season to the point where  seedlings  cannot establish themselves.

5.Some scientists have proposed that the presence of increasing levels of ultraviolet light with  elevation  may play a role, while  browsing  and  grazing animals like the  ibex  may be another contributing factor. 

6.Immediately  adjacent  to the  timberline , the  tundra  consists of a  fairly  complete cover of  low-lying shrubs ,  herbs , and grasses, while higher up the number and diversity of species decrease until there is much bare ground with  occasional   mosses  and  lichens  and some  prostrate cushion plants. 

1.The word “dramatic” in the passage is closest in meaning to

A. gradual

B. complex

C. visible

D. striking

原文參考

The transition from forest to treeless  tundra  on a mountain  slope  is often a  dramatic  one. Within a vertical distance of just a few tens of meters, trees disappear as a life-form and are replaced by low  shrubs ,  herbs , and grasses. This rapid zone of transition is called the  upper   timberline  or tree line. In many semiarid areas there is also a lower  timberline where the forest passes into  steppe  or desert at its lower edge, usually because of a lack of moisture.

解析

"dramatic: 劇烈的，戲劇化的，就單詞本身能夠想到drama戲劇，所以這個應(yīng)該是戲劇的形容詞。A是逐漸的；B是復(fù)雜的；C是可見的；D是顯著的，突出的，驚人的。根據(jù)詞意，正確答案是D。

14.Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.At the timberline, whether upper or lower, there is a profound change in the growth of trees and other plants.

A.Birch is one of the few species of tree that can survive in the extreme environments of the upper timberline.

B.There is no agreement among scientists as to exactly why plant growth is sharply different above and below the upper timberline.

C.The temperature at the upper timberline is probably more important in preventing tree growth than factors such as the amount of snowfall or the force of winds.

D.The geographical location of an upper timberline has an impact on both the types of trees found there and their physical characteristics.

E.High levels of ultraviolet light most likely play a greater role in determining tree growth at the upper timberline than do grazing animals such as the ibex.

F.Despite being adjacent to the timberline, the alpine tundra is an area where certain kinds of low trees can endure high winds and very low temperatures.

解析

A選項提到了具體的樹種樺樹，明顯是一個細節(jié)選項，A選項不選；B選項對應(yīng)第四段首句，B選項正確；由第四自然段大意及第四自然段的“Probably the most important environmental factor is temperature”可得C選項正確；D選項對應(yīng)第二段的第三句和第三段的首句，D選項正確；E選項中，原文沒有將兩者進行比較，則E選項不正確；F選項中，雖然文章倒數(shù)第二自然段提到了緊挨著樹帶界線，苔原上都是矮灌木、草本植物和牧草，但是，文章中并沒有直接介紹說這些低矮的樹木能夠忍受大風(fēng)和低溫。

復(fù)數(shù)形式做主語，謂語用單數(shù)的有哪些

當數(shù)詞加復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示金額、時間等概念的時候，作主語時，后面的謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式來表示，如：

One hundred dollars is enough to buy the jacket.

一百元足以買那件夾克衫。

Twenty miles is a long distance to run.

二十英里是一個很長的距離。

Ten years is called a decade and twenty years is called a score years.

十年被叫做decade，二十年叫做a score years。